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It seems like the "courts of equity" functioned like our Courts of Appeals.

Equity of opportunity is a great ideal as long as everyone starts with the same advantages. But, metaphorically speaking, claimining two runners have the same opportunity to win the 100 yard dash while we have saddled one runner with a weight to pull during the run inhibits the actual equal opportunity.

I am currently reading "The Great American Transit Disaster- A Century of Austerity, Auto-Centric Planning, and White Flight" given my interest in urban transit (including multi-modal safety issues as a cyclist). My zipcode (49507) is one of the most diverse in the Grand Rapids area. We moved here deliberately because of that. [Hispanic (33.8%) followed by Black (31.6%) and White (28.1%).]

I knew this already- regarding red-lining, white flight, expressways plowing through minority neighborhoods,etc. But the book details this insofar as it affects mass transit systems. The destruction of these systems impacted minorities at far higher levels than white neighborhoods and suburbs given the already present wealth disparity. Black citizens were suffering poor transportation options while being unable to afford cars at the rate of white suburbia.

We still have a lot of work to do.

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